Concise Synthetic Routes to Human Insulin

Concise Synthetic Routes to Human Insulin

Fa Liu,  Ethan Y. Luo,  David B. Flora, and John P. Mayer
Org. Lett., 2013, 15 (4), pp 960–963
DOI: 10.1021/ol400149j
Publication Date (Web): February 7, 2013
Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society

We report a set of concise and efficient routes for the chemical synthesis of human insulin using a two- or three-step combination procedure that employs Trt, Acm, and t-Bu cysteine protection schemes. Starting with resin-bound assembled A and B chains, human insulin can be obtained within the span of a single work day in 5.4% overall yield based on the crude A or B chain.